Varicose veins are a common pathological process accompanied by varicose veins, nodules and blood stasis. The internal varicose veins of the legs are characterized by the nodular structure of the venous vessels of the epidermis. In the initial stage of the disease there are no symptoms. Many people have a question about what should be the treatment of this disease.
What is this disease?
Varicose veins of the lower extremities are a very dangerous disease that can be fatal. This is a pathological lesion of the organs of the circulatory system. With the complication of the disease, an irreversible process of stretching and stretching of the veins is observed.
Nodules begin to form in the capillaries, blocking normal blood flow. In varicose veins, the walls of the vessels dilate so much that the function of the valves deteriorates. As a result, the blood begins to stagnate in the legs.The disease mainly affects people aged 30 to 40 years.
Reasons for development
The causes of this disease can be very different. These include:
- hereditary factors (possible congenital anomaly or venous cell weakness);
- is more common in women (in women the disease is much more common due to the use of hormonal drugs, the risk increases due to delayed birth);
- increased pressure in the veins (this is due to an inactive lifestyle, in the presence of overweight);
- the presence of neuroendocrine changes; mechanical obstructions to normal blood circulation (this can be facilitated by constant compression of the limbs);
- presence of allergic reactions;
- changes in the immune system;
- disorders of the valves of the venous system;
- this pathology may begin to develop due to cellulite or dermatitis.
Before starting treatment, it is mandatory to determine the root cause of the disease. An experienced phlebologist will help you do this.
Symptoms and manifestations of internal varicose veins
It is important to see a doctor on timeif varicose veins appear in the lower extremities. The symptoms of this disease at the stage of varicose veins will be as follows:
- has swelling of the limbs until the end of the day(this symptom is observed on the ankles and feet, swelling can also occur in the lower half of the lower leg);
- the patient develops a feeling of heaviness in the calf muscles(a feeling of satiety appears after a long walk or standing up, this symptom may appear after a long stay in a sitting position).
A characteristic feature of this disease is the fact thatafter rest all symptoms disappear without a trace.It also shrinks after a long break.
During the period of gradual development of varicose veins, the following symptoms will begin to appear:
- in the area of the calf muscles begins to appear moderate pain, such pain is dull and painful;
- local burning sensation and fatigue;
- excessive dryness of the skin appears, pigment spots and hardening of the skin begin to appear;
- spasms very often at night;
- spider veins begin to appear on the epidermis;
- The internal veins of the legs, pictured below, begin to dilate significantly, looking like bunches of grapes;
- Fine wounds can form that heal over a long period of time.
Important!Improper treatment of this disease for a patient can lead to a number of complications. In some cases, death is possible.
After a certain period of time, eczema and trophic ulcers begin to appear. Such symptoms easily turn into gangrene. All this can cause limb amputation, sepsis or death.
The most dangerous consequence is the appearance of a blood clot with its subsequent separation. This results in the death of the patient.
Symptoms and treatment of latent varicose veins is the issue that most affects patients.
Methods of treatment
Treatment of varicose veins is performed conservatively and in a timely manner. Treatment of the internal veins of the legs, the symptoms of which can manifest in different ways, is carried out only after a preliminary diagnosis. The following techniques can be used:
- compression;
- scleropathy;
- medicines;
- surgically.
Compression methodstreat help in dealing with the disease in its early stages. This method of therapy involves daily wearing special compression underwear.
In case of scleropathy, the vein is blocked. This is due to the introduction of sclerotherapy preparations. After such actions, the blood can easily move through the capillaries without difficulty.
Conservative treatment is effective only if the first signs of the disease appear. Patients are prescribed venotonics. They help to strengthen the walls of blood vessels as much as possible.
It is forbidden to self-medicate internal varicose veins, the symptoms of which can be both mild and vice versa.
Prevention
To prevent the formation of varicose processes, it is imperative to know the root causes of this disease and to prevent their development.Preventive measures are as follows:
- requires constant physical activity (People who lead an inactive lifestyle are much more susceptible to the disease. take breaks from time to time, get up and exercise so that the blood circulates normally. );
- It is forbidden to cross your legs while sitting;
- give up all bad habits;
- pay attention to your diet, refuse too fatty and salty;
- in order to take therapeutic measures in connection with endocrine diseases, they lead to the development of varicose veins;
- use only loose, non-squeezing shoes (it is necessary to ensure free blood circulation and also to limit yourself to shoes with heels);
- take sea baths, but at the same time it is necessary to remove the solar overheating.
Conclusion
It should be noted that if at least one symptom of this disease occurs, it is necessary to urgently consult a specialist. The doctor will prescribe diagnostic procedures and indicate the appropriate treatment. Delay threatens complications.
From the above we can summarize that hidden varicose veins are a very dangerous disease that can have side effects. For this reason, when at least one symptom occurs, it is necessary to seek medical help. Only a specialist will be able to choose the necessary treatment.
Internal varicose veins of the legs: symptoms and treatment
The geography of the spread of varicose veins covers almost all countries in the world, it is one of the most ancient diseases known to mankind. According to medical statistics, varicose veins of the lower extremities and pelvic organs occur in 15-17% of the population. Today, patients with this diagnosis make up approximately 4% of all patients in surgical clinics. According to scientists, this disease is a kind of payment for humanity for the ability to walk upright. Let's look at what are varicose veins, the main symptoms of the disease and effective treatment.
Explanation of the disease
The development of internal varicose veins in the legs is one of the most dangerous types of disease, which manifests itself in the pathological dilation of blood vessels located deep under the skin in the tissues.
This disease, unfortunately, often affects young people of working age, and in women the symptoms are much more common. The internal varicose veins of the legs are often accompanied by external ones in the form of strongly convex tuberculous veins with a pronounced cyanotic tinge.
These symptoms of varicose veins make treatment difficult. The appearance of legs with enlarged nodes is presented in numerous photos from medical sites.
Dilation of the venous vessels of the legs can be an independent pathology, but it is most often caused by other diseases and therefore in modern medicine it is accepted to divide varicose veins into primary and secondary. The cause of primary varicose veins of the deep veins of the legs is the weakness of the venous wall or its functional pathologies, these causes also cause varicose veins of the pelvic organs. Among the main causes of the disease are:
- Pregnancy.
- Overweight, painful obesity.
- Prolonged loading of the lower limbs, constant work of the legs or associated with constant lifting of heavy weights.
- Hereditary or congenital weakness of the connective tissue of various organs.
- Long walks in high heels and wearing knitwear with tight elastics.
- In elderly patients, the formation of internal varicose veins can be caused by hormonal changes in the body.
The development of secondary internal varicose veins is a consequence of changes in the process of venous blood flow in various diseases:
- Postthrombophlebic syndrome.
- Deep vein of the valve.
- Tumors of organs of various etiologies.
- Injuries to limbs and other organs.
The treatment of primary and secondary varicose veins is different.
Key Features
The consequences of undetected internal varicose veins can be very serious, so it is necessary to pay attention to the first symptoms of the disease, especially since compared to other forms of the disease they are very clear visually. The main symptoms of internal varicose veins of the lower extremities are as follows:- The pain in the calf muscles is very severe, often unbearable to such an extent that the patient is forced to take strong pain medications on a regular basis. These symptoms are the cause of immediate medical attention.
- The venous pattern of the lower extremities in the area of the thigh becomes clearly expressed, the vessels become strongly convex and tuberous, easily recognized by palpation.
- The venous pattern acquires a cyanotic color, sometimes turning black, sometimes purple-red.
- The lower limbs swell greatly and the swelling does not decrease after a night's sleep.
- In the evening, after a working day on his feet, the patient experiences frequent spasms in the calf muscles.
All these symptoms significantly worsen the patient's quality of life and require immediate medical attention, sometimes it is only surgical treatment of veins.
Clinical presentation
The severity of the symptoms of internal varicose veins depends on the stage of the disease.
In the initial stage, no pathological changes are detected in the walls of blood vessels, patients have swelling of the legs by the end of the working day and heaviness in the legs, but after a night's rest these unpleasant sensations disappear.
Some patients have mild pastosis, this stage of the disease is called "intradermal varicose veins". If treatment is started at this stage of the disease, then the prognosis is very favorable, because the valvular system of the veins has not yet changed and copes with the load, the pathological symptoms will quickly disappear.
In the second stage of the disease, the swelling of the lower extremities becomes permanent, patients complain of constant heaviness in the legs and increased fatigue. Manifestations of internal varicose veins at this stage of the disease are also indicated by constant spasms of the calf muscles and cold limbs.
A photo in medical publications shows that blood vessels begin to appear on the skin on the inside of the thigh, but the areas of their appearance are not painful on palpation. At this stage, the formation of varicose veins begins, there may be bleeding from them.
These symptoms worsen very quickly and if there is no treatment, the disease progresses to the next stage.
The third stage of varicose veins of the legs is already well defined visually, this can be seen in the photo from various medical sources.
Varicose veins and sacral dilatations caused by severe circulatory disorders are already well defined under the skin of the calves and the inner thigh.
At this stage, in addition to the appearance of nodules, the patient has fragility and hair loss, dry skin, constant spasms in the muscles of the calf.
The fourth stage of the disease already leads to serious complications (bleeding, ulcers, etc. ), which can be fatal. You should start treating the disease immediately without waiting for terrible symptoms.
Complications
These include the following:
Trophic ulcers on the skin of the feet.
This is a very painful complication for the patient, as trophic ulcers heal very slowly and the patient experiences constant itching and burning at the sites of their localization.The photo clearly shows that the ulcers are round, brightly colored and with different types of secretions: purulent, hemorrhagic or serous discharge. They appear on the calves and on the inside of the thigh.
With competent and timely therapy begins the formation of scars from ulcers, but if there is no help or not provided qualified, the patient may develop gangrene, followed by amputation of the limb. Death is also possible.
Traumatic bleeding.
Massive bleeding may be due to a ruptured vessel due to thinning of the venous wall with constantly rising blood pressure or due to a minor injury. This syndrome is especially dangerous, as bleeding can lead to the patient's death.
Thrombosis is a consequence of congestion and inflammation in the veins of the lower extremities. Thrombosis can occur visually only with swelling of the leg and severe pain in it.
Thrombosis is very dangerous for the patient's life and requires urgent hospitalization and treatment, as it can provoke a heart attack and blockage of the patient's artery.With the formation of external venous nodes, thrombosis is accompanied by severe pain in the area of thrombus formation, tenderness of the veins on palpation and fever in the area of thrombosis.
Principles of therapy
It is very difficult to treat internal varicose veins in the legs and the effectiveness of therapy largely depends on the stage of the disease.
General principles for treating the disease include normalizing hormone levels, optimizing physical activity, and following a diet.
If the patient is obese, it is necessary to develop a method of weight loss and monitor its application. To normalize the vascular tone of the lower extremities, it is recommended to use compression stockings.
The most effective method of treatment is surgery, whose technique is well developed in modern surgery. A possible complication of the operation is venous bleeding, but the risk is low.
If for some reason surgery is not possible, for example, if the patient fears that he will start life-threatening bleeding, the treatment is performed medically, using the following groups of drugs:
- Antiplatelet agents - to thin the blood and prevent blood clots.
- Phlebotonics - to normalize blood circulation and prevent swelling.
- Nitrates - to relieve pain symptoms.
- Angioprotectors - to normalize vascular tone.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - to reduce the possibility of platelet adhesion and relieve pain.
Many sources recommend treating varicose veins with folk remedies, on the Internet you can find many pictures of calves and thighs in the style of "before" and "after" on sites that promote traditional medicine and guarantee 100% recovery. Doctors are very wary of such drugs and warn that they can only be used as part of complex therapy.
Internal varicose veins of the lower extremities are a serious systemic disease that requires timely and qualified treatment. The first alarming symptoms cannot be ignored. The sooner the patient seeks medical attention, the more effective the treatment will be.
Main characteristic symptoms
Specialists distinguish three stages of varicose veins of the lower extremities - compensation, subcompensation and decompensation.
Corresponds to light, medium and heavy strokes, respectively. In some cases, more than a year passes from the onset of the disease to the onset of symptoms.
You have virtually nothing to worry about during compensation. Mild pain in the extremities is possible during severe overexertion of the body. Distal swelling that subsides after sleep.
Some people report feeling like spiders or bristling on their feet. This is a consequence of impaired blood flow and tissue trophism.
The deep vein apparatus is largely intact. Visible superficial changes in the skin and veins are usually not observed.
Subcompensation is characterized by a more severe clinical picture. The pain comes more and more often. They carry sharp pain in the dagger. A simple touch can be hard work.
Patients cannot walk normally. The usual shopping trip has been eliminated to the last.
The legs swell to a large extent, exceeding the normal volume of the legs by one and a half times. Often such swelling does not subside even after prolonged sleep. Traces of depressed fingers remain on the shins. Many people notice spasms in the muscles of the calf.
During decompensation there are often signs of bleeding, thrombophlebitis and thrombosis, trophic ulcers.
Complications arising from the development of internal varicose veins
The most common complication of varicose veins is bleeding. If not diagnosed in time, it can be fatal. Even minor bleeding from varicose veins of the lower extremities can cause irreparable damage. Stopping such a defect with a conventional pressure bandage often fails. Many surgeons come to ligate the vessels or coagulate them.
The second most common complication is the addition of infections with the development of trophic ulcers. Due to the reduction of tissue trophism, abscesses do not heal for a long time, a chronic purulent focus is formed.
Accompanied by general intoxication of the body, fever, profuse sweating. Such wounds take a very long time to heal. This depends on the degree of trophic damage to the tissues and the depth of the lesion.
Ulcers should not be bandaged frequently, as this can lead to the formation of crusts that have begun to form and lead to the re-formation of an open wound.
The next most common complication is deep vein thrombosis. With poor motor function, the blood stagnates and the risk of a blood clot increases, which in turn can cause a pulmonary embolism.
Vascular surgeons are more afraid of a floating thrombus because its distal part tends to rupture and lead to embolism.
Methods of treatment
The treatment of internal varicose veins of the lower extremities takes place in several stages.
Drug therapy is the most popular direction, which can be used at all stages of varicose veins, as well as for the prevention of vascular problems.
The basis of conservative treatment is the intake of venotonic drugs. They help strengthen the vessel wall, increase its elasticity and reduce blood stagnation. It is better to apply them internally and also externally at the site of the lesion.
There are several classes of underwear that are used for different stages of the disease. Many models will be able to satisfy the individual desire of each person, I have only positive reviews.
When worn under clothing, do not cause discomfort or irritation.
Proper and balanced nutrition is one of the important moments in the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities. You need to radically limit your consumption of salt and large amounts of fluids. It is desirable to use natural fruit drinks and juices.
Nutrition should be strictly consistent with human energy consumption and contain fewer calories to avoid being overweight. You should limit yourself to the consumption of fatty and fried foods, spicy and sour. You should give preference to vegetables and fruits. Include in the diet seafood, fermented dairy dishes and products containing digestible carbohydrates.
In case of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy methods, they resort to surgical techniques. These include both invasive and minimally invasive treatment.
Pathology prevention
Knowing the dangers of deep varicose veins, many want to prevent it from occurring in advance. To do this, you do not need to follow strict rules, you just need to bring your lifestyle back to normal.
The main preventive measure is regular possible physical activity.
You can do gymnastics, yoga, walking, swimming or even dancing to reduce the risk of developing many diseases.
It is also advisable to completely or at least partially give up bad habits. It is advisable to adjust your work and rest schedule to give your body at least a short break.
It would be useful to adjust the diet except for fried, fatty, smoked, marinated, too spicy or salty foods. You need to eat more vegetables and fruits.
Regular contrast showers and relaxing foot baths are good preventative measures.